If necessary, the patient is referred for consultations with a pediatric neurologist, a psychiatrist, an endocrinologist, and other specialists.
Treatment and Prevention of Epileptic Seizures
If left untreated, the disease can cause severe functional impairments of speech and memory and lead to delayed physical and mental development. Therefore, the earlier treatment of epilepsy in children is started, the better the prognosis. After individual selection of drug therapy, epileptic seizures may become less frequent and milder.
As the child grows up, brain processes stabilize and the child's condition may improve. According to specialists' observations, in 70-80% of children epilepsy responds well to treatment, and in some forms of the disease seizures stop spontaneously at the age of 13-15. In most cases, intelligence in patients with this diagnosis remains normal, and mental development is not impaired.
Anticonvulsants are prescribed to prevent seizures. The selection of medications is strictly individual. Usually this is monotherapy, but sometimes it is supplemented with other drugs. Antiepileptic drugs must be taken continuously, even if there are no seizures. If there have been no seizures for several weeks, the epileptologist may recommend reducing the dose. The doctor discontinues anticonvulsants completely only when there is no risk of seizures recurring.
At CSM, in addition to antiepileptic drugs, various physiotherapy methods are used to treat epilepsy: oxygen therapy, massage, therapeutic exercise, and others. Whether they are appropriate is determined based on the child's condition and only after contraindications are ruled out.
In some cases, implantation of a vagus nerve stimulation device may be recommended for treatment. This device helps reduce the activity of certain areas of the brain and prevent impulses that provoke convulsions. The method does not remove the need for antiepileptic therapy, but it may allow a lower dose of anticonvulsants or a stronger effect from them. Vagus nerve stimulation has a number of drawbacks in the form of side effects such as cough, hoarseness, and sore throat. However, stimulation may improve the child's mood and psycho-emotional state.
Surgical methods of treating epilepsy in children are used rarely. They are recommended for organic brain lesions resulting from a hematoma, stroke, or tumor. Surgical treatment is also used when drug therapy or vagus nerve stimulation is ineffective.
To prevent epileptic seizures and their consequences, the child's parents are given recommendations on preventing injuries from falls, providing first aid during seizures, creating favorable psycho-emotional conditions, and avoiding provoking factors. Overly "greenhouse" conditions are not required, but following the balanced recommendations of the pediatric epileptologist allows children to socialize actively with peers, study, play sports, and so on.